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vaults in San Francisco where hundreds of dead Chinamen have been
salted away by gentle hands for shipment. The heads of the great Chinese
Companies keep a record of the names of their thousands of members, and
every individual is strictly accounted for to the home office. Every now
and then a vessel is chartered and sent to China freighted with corpses.
ART 5. The United States of America and the Emperor of China
cordially recognize the inherent and inalienable right of
man to change his home and his allegiance, and also the
mutual advantages of the free migration and immigration of
their citizens and subjects respectively from the one
country to the other for purposes of curiosity, trade, or as
permanent residents. The high contracting parties,
therefore, join in reprobating any other than an entirely
voluntary immigration for these purposes. They consequently
agree to pass laws making it a penal offense for a citizen
of the United States or a Chinese subject to take Chinese
subjects either to the United States or to any other foreign
country, or for a Chinese subject or a citizen of the United
States to take citizens of the United States to China or any
other foreign country without their free and voluntary
consent respectively.
Article 5 aims at two objects, viz.: The spreading of the naturalization
doctrine (Mr. Seward could not give his assent to a treaty which did not
have that in it) and the breaking up of the infamous Coolie trade. It is
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