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exclusively to the third diagram. For the better understanding of
this it should be observed that c s must be regarded as
representing the section or profile of a square plane, placed
horizontally (comp. lines 11, 14, 17) for which the word pianura
is subsequently employed (20, 22). Lines 6-13 contain certain
preliminary observations to guide the reader in understanding the
diagram; the last three seem to have been added as a supplement.
Leonardo's mistake in writing t denota (line 6) for f denota has
been rectified.] which reaches the base of the pyramid as is shown
in the plane a n.
The eye f and the eye t are one and the same thing; but the eye
f marks the distance, that is to say how far you are standing from
the object; and the eye t shows you the direction of it; that is
whether you are opposite, or on one side, or at an angle to the
object you are looking at. And remember that the eye f and the eye
t must always be kept on the same level. For example if you raise
or lower the eye from the distance point f you must do the same
with the direction point t. And if the point f shows how far the
eye is distant from the square plane but does not show on which side
it is placed--and, if in the same way, the point t show s the
direction and not the distance, in order to ascertain both you must
use both points and they will be one and the same thing. If the eye
f could see a perfect square of which all the sides were equal to
the distance between s and c, and if at the nearest end of the
side towards the eye a pole were placed, or some other straight
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