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The next less deep shadow is the derived shadow e f n; and in this
the shadow is less by half, because it is illuminated by a single
light, that is c d.
This is uniform in natural tone because it is lighted throughout by
one only of the two luminous bodies [10]. But it varies with the
conditions of shadow, inasmuch as the farther it is away from the
light the less it is illuminated by it [13].
The third degree of depth is the middle shadow [Footnote 15: We
gather from what follows that q g r here means ombra media (the
middle shadow).]. But this is not uniform in natural tone; because
the nearer it gets to the simple derived shadow the deeper it is
[
Footnote 18: Compare lines 10-13], and it is the uniformly gradual
diminution by increase of distance which is what modifies it
Footnote 20: See Footnote 18]: that is to say the depth of a shadow
[
increases in proportion to the distance from the two lights.
The fourth is the shadow k r s and this is all the darker in
natural tone in proportion as it is nearer to k s, because it gets
less of the light a o, but by the accident [of distance] it is
rendered less deep, because it is nearer to the light c d, and
thus is always exposed to both lights.
The fifth is less deep in shadow than either of the others because
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