The Notebooks of Leonardo Da Vinci Complete


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On the conditions of sight (834. 835).  
8
34.  
OF THE NATURE OF SIGHT.  
I say that sight is exercised by all animals, by the medium of  
light; and if any one adduces, as against this, the sight of  
nocturnal animals, I must say that this in the same way is subject  
to the very same natural laws. For it will easily be understood that  
the senses which receive the images of things do not project from  
themselves any visual virtue [Footnote 4: Compare No. 68.]. On the  
contrary the atmospheric medium which exists between the object and  
the sense incorporates in itself the figure of things, and by its  
contact with the sense transmits the object to it. If the  
object--whether by sound or by odour--presents its spiritual force  
to the ear or the nose, then light is not required and does not act.  
The forms of objects do not send their images into the air if they  
are not illuminated [8]; and the eye being thus constituted cannot  
receive that from the air, which the air does not possess, although  
it touches its surface. If you choose to say that there are many  
animals that prey at night, I answer that when the little light  
which suffices the nature of their eyes is wanting, they direct  
themselves by their strong sense of hearing and of smell, which are  
not impeded by the darkness, and in which they are very far superior  
685  


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