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The 1918 Fanny Farmer Cookbook
5
pints water
1
2
About one−third of the water is taken in our food, the remainder as a beverage. To keep in
health and do the best mental and physical work, authorities agree that a mixed diet is suited
for
temperate climates, although sound arguments appear from the vegetarian. Women, even
they do the same amount of work as men, as a rule require less food. Brain workers should
their protein in a form easily digested. In consideration of this fact, fish and eggs form
though
take
desirable
substitutes for meat. The working man needs quantity as well as quality, that the stomach may
have something to act upon. Corned beef, cabbage, brown−bread, and pastry, will not overtax
his digestion. In old age the digestive organs lessen in activity, and the diet should be almost
as
simple as that of a child, increasing the amount of carbohydrates and decreasing the amount
proteins and fat. Many diseases which occur after middle life are due to eating and drinking
foods as were indulged in during vigorous manhood.
of
such
1
3
WATER (H2O)
Water is a transparent, odorless, tasteless liquid. It is derived from five sources,−rains, rivers,
surface−water or shallow wells, deep wells, and springs. Water is never found pure in nature;
it is
and
nearly pure when gathered in an open field, after a heavy rainfall, or from springs. For town
city supply, surface−water is furnished by some adjacent pond or lake. Samples of such water
are carefully and frequently analyzed, to make sure that it is not polluted with disease germs.
1
1
4
5
The hardness of water depends upon the amount of salts of lime and magnesia which it
contains. Soft water is free from objectionable salts, and is preferable for household purposes.
Hard water may be softened by boiling, or by the addition of a small amount of bicarbonate of
soda (NaHCO3).
Water freezes at a temperature of 32° F., boils at 212° F.; when bubbles appear on the
surface and burst, the boiling−point is reached. In high altitudes water boils at a lower
temperature. From 32° to 65° F. water is termed cold; from 65° to 92° F., tepid; 92° to 100°
F., warm; over that temperature, hot. Boiled water is freed from all organic impurities, and
salts
from
of lime are precipitated; it does not ferment, and is a valuable antiseptic. Hot water is more
stimulating than cold, and is of use taken on an empty stomach, while at a temperature of
6
0° to 95° F. it is used as an emetic; 90° F. being the most favorable temperature.
Chapter I − FOOD
4
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